domingo, 15 de febrero de 2009
viernes, 13 de febrero de 2009
Vocabulary List
Air Pollution
The concentration of air pollutants in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings.
Air Pollutant
An air pollutant is a substance emitted form some processes into atmosphere, which damages the environment.
Fuel
Fuel is one of the most dangerous pollutant that harm the life in the Earth.
Anthropogenic
A station where mostly of wastes are incinerated is an example of Anthropogenic source of pollution.
Methane
Methane is not a toxic substance but is highly flammable.
Indoor Air Pollution
Some of the main pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.
Symptoms
The Symptoms of air pollution exposure can disappear as soon as the air quality improves.
Scrubber
A particulate scrubber is a kind of filter used by industry to remove the pollutants in wastes.
Carbon Dioxide
The United States is the country who emmits the greatest amount of carbon dioxide in the world.
Acid Rain
Acid Rain is one of the most alarming result of air pollution.
The concentration of air pollutants in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings.
Air Pollutant
An air pollutant is a substance emitted form some processes into atmosphere, which damages the environment.
Fuel
Fuel is one of the most dangerous pollutant that harm the life in the Earth.
Anthropogenic
A station where mostly of wastes are incinerated is an example of Anthropogenic source of pollution.
Methane
Methane is not a toxic substance but is highly flammable.
Indoor Air Pollution
Some of the main pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.
Symptoms
The Symptoms of air pollution exposure can disappear as soon as the air quality improves.
Scrubber
A particulate scrubber is a kind of filter used by industry to remove the pollutants in wastes.
Carbon Dioxide
The United States is the country who emmits the greatest amount of carbon dioxide in the world.
Acid Rain
Acid Rain is one of the most alarming result of air pollution.
viernes, 6 de febrero de 2009
Air Pollution
There are many kinds of pollution, I think Air Pollution is one of the most important, so lets study why.
First, What is Air Pollution? There are lots of definitions, but all of them keep a line. Air Pollution is the introduction of many kinds of gases, chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials into the atmosphere; all of that reduce the air quality, as well as cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, and damages the natural environment. They may be natural or man-made.
CAUSES
Air pollution is aggravated because of four developments:
-Increasing traffic
-Growing cities
-Rapid economic development
-Industrialization
Air pollution comes from many different sources such as factories, power plants, wildfires, buses and cars; all of them emits air pollutants, which can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from some processes, such as ash from volcanic eruption or the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle. On the other hand, secondary pollutants are not emitted directly into the air. They form in the air when primary pollutants react, such as industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sunligh, and then combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog.
The concentration of air pollutants in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings. The largest sources of human-created air pollution are energy generation, transportation, and industries that use a great deal of energy sources. This sources can be classified into two categories which are:
Anthropogenic sources, which refer to human activity, mostly related to burning different kinds of fuel.
Some examples are the mobile sources such as motor vehicles and aircrafts, stationary sources such as power plants and waste incinerators, dust and controlled burn practices in forestry management, hair and aerosol sprays, and military sources such as nuclear weapons.
Natural sources which refers to dust from large areas with no vegetation, methane emmited by animals, smoke from wildfires or sulfur and ash particulates produced by volcanic activity.
EFFECTS
There are several effects of air pollution on the environment which are varied and profound. Acid rain, global warming, smog and the depletion of the ozone layer are just a few of the most alarming results of pollution. Air pollution also poses a significant human health risk, causing serious respiratory and other illnesses.
The World Health Organization say that 2.4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution, with 1.5 million of these deaths attributable to indoor air pollution.
The health effects caused by air pollutants may range from subtle biochemical and physiological changes. These effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.
Air pollution can irritate the eyes, throat and lungs. Burning eyes, cough and chest tightness are common with exposure to high levels of air pollution. Different people can react very differently to air pollution. Some people may notice chest tightness or cough, while others may not notice any effects. Because exercise requires faster, deeper breathing, it may make the symptoms worse. People who have heart disease, such as angina (chest pain), or lung disease, such as asthma or emphysema, may be very sensitive to air pollution exposure, and may notice symptoms when others do not.
Fortunately for most healthy people, the symptoms of air pollution exposure usually go away as soon as the air quality improves. Children probably feel the effects of lower levels of pollution than adults. They also experience more illness, such as bronchitis and earaches, in areas of high pollution than in areas with cleaner air.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
There are various air pollution control technologies and land use planning strategies available to reduce air pollution. In most developed countries, land use planning is an important part of social policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and population as well as to protect the environment.
Some control devices are being putting in action by industry as they can either destroy contaminants or remove them from his processes. Some examples are the use of mechanical collectors of energy, electrostatic air cleaners or particulate scrubbers in where the polluted gas is brought into contact with the scrubber liquid by spraying or by forcing it through a pool of liquid.
Those devices are being applied by the industry, but what about us? How can we help to environment in the fight against pollution?
The solutions are first in home. we can protect ourselves and our family from the effects of air pollution by doing the following:
-Encourage your family to walk to the neighbourhood market.
-Whenever possible take your bicycle.
-As far as possible use public forms of transport.
-Reduce the use of aerosols at home.
-If possible share your room with others when the airconditioner is on.
-Do not burn leaves in your garden, put them in a compost pit.
-Make sure that the pollution check for your family car is done at regular intervals .
-Stay indoors as much as you can during days when pollution levels are high. Many pollutants have lower levels indoors than outdoors.
-If you must go outside, limit outside activity to the early morning hours or wait until after sunset. This is important in high ozone conditions because sunshine increases ozone levels.
-Don't exercise or exert yourself outdoors when air-quality reports indicate unhealthy conditions. The faster you breathe, the more pollution you take into your lungs.
STATISTICS
Air pollution is usually concentrated in densely populated metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries where environmental regulations are relatively lax or nonexistent. However, even populated areas in developed countries attain unhealthy levels of pollution.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Millions of Tons of CO2 per year:
United States: 2, 795
China: 2,680
Russia: 661
India: 583
Japan: 415
Germany: 356
Australia: 300
South Africa: 232
United Kingdom: 212
South Korea: 185
Tons of CO2 per year per capita:
Australia: 10
United States: 8.2
United Kingdom: 3.2
China: 1.8
India: 0.5
CONCLUSIONS
As we can see, the information makes us to turn on the red lights, the first topic we need to attend is the effect on our health, sickness could become risky and the way to fix it could become impossible. The rising of a united solution begin at home, teaching to our children how to be an enviroment-friendly human, there are lots of devices we can start to put into action right now, and the most important thing is that man believes that is possible to make something for the Earth, I mean we can't lose the battle against pollution, we could make the difference only by changing a little our life style and culture we show every day.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
First, What is Air Pollution? There are lots of definitions, but all of them keep a line. Air Pollution is the introduction of many kinds of gases, chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials into the atmosphere; all of that reduce the air quality, as well as cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, and damages the natural environment. They may be natural or man-made.CAUSES
Air pollution is aggravated because of four developments:
-Increasing traffic
-Growing cities
-Rapid economic development
-Industrialization
Air pollution comes from many different sources such as factories, power plants, wildfires, buses and cars; all of them emits air pollutants, which can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from some processes, such as ash from volcanic eruption or the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle. On the other hand, secondary pollutants are not emitted directly into the air. They form in the air when primary pollutants react, such as industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sunligh, and then combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog.
The concentration of air pollutants in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings. The largest sources of human-created air pollution are energy generation, transportation, and industries that use a great deal of energy sources. This sources can be classified into two categories which are:
Anthropogenic sources, which refer to human activity, mostly related to burning different kinds of fuel.
Some examples are the mobile sources such as motor vehicles and aircrafts, stationary sources such as power plants and waste incinerators, dust and controlled burn practices in forestry management, hair and aerosol sprays, and military sources such as nuclear weapons.
Natural sources which refers to dust from large areas with no vegetation, methane emmited by animals, smoke from wildfires or sulfur and ash particulates produced by volcanic activity.
EFFECTS
There are several effects of air pollution on the environment which are varied and profound. Acid rain, global warming, smog and the depletion of the ozone layer are just a few of the most alarming results of pollution. Air pollution also poses a significant human health risk, causing serious respiratory and other illnesses.
The World Health Organization say that 2.4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution, with 1.5 million of these deaths attributable to indoor air pollution.
The health effects caused by air pollutants may range from subtle biochemical and physiological changes. These effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.
Air pollution can irritate the eyes, throat and lungs. Burning eyes, cough and chest tightness are common with exposure to high levels of air pollution. Different people can react very differently to air pollution. Some people may notice chest tightness or cough, while others may not notice any effects. Because exercise requires faster, deeper breathing, it may make the symptoms worse. People who have heart disease, such as angina (chest pain), or lung disease, such as asthma or emphysema, may be very sensitive to air pollution exposure, and may notice symptoms when others do not.
Fortunately for most healthy people, the symptoms of air pollution exposure usually go away as soon as the air quality improves. Children probably feel the effects of lower levels of pollution than adults. They also experience more illness, such as bronchitis and earaches, in areas of high pollution than in areas with cleaner air.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
There are various air pollution control technologies and land use planning strategies available to reduce air pollution. In most developed countries, land use planning is an important part of social policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and population as well as to protect the environment.
Some control devices are being putting in action by industry as they can either destroy contaminants or remove them from his processes. Some examples are the use of mechanical collectors of energy, electrostatic air cleaners or particulate scrubbers in where the polluted gas is brought into contact with the scrubber liquid by spraying or by forcing it through a pool of liquid.
Those devices are being applied by the industry, but what about us? How can we help to environment in the fight against pollution?
The solutions are first in home. we can protect ourselves and our family from the effects of air pollution by doing the following:
-Encourage your family to walk to the neighbourhood market.
-Whenever possible take your bicycle.
-As far as possible use public forms of transport.
-Reduce the use of aerosols at home.
-If possible share your room with others when the airconditioner is on.
-Do not burn leaves in your garden, put them in a compost pit.
-Make sure that the pollution check for your family car is done at regular intervals .
-Stay indoors as much as you can during days when pollution levels are high. Many pollutants have lower levels indoors than outdoors.
-If you must go outside, limit outside activity to the early morning hours or wait until after sunset. This is important in high ozone conditions because sunshine increases ozone levels.
-Don't exercise or exert yourself outdoors when air-quality reports indicate unhealthy conditions. The faster you breathe, the more pollution you take into your lungs.
STATISTICS
Air pollution is usually concentrated in densely populated metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries where environmental regulations are relatively lax or nonexistent. However, even populated areas in developed countries attain unhealthy levels of pollution.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Millions of Tons of CO2 per year:
United States: 2, 795
China: 2,680
Russia: 661
India: 583
Japan: 415
Germany: 356
Australia: 300
South Africa: 232
United Kingdom: 212
South Korea: 185
Tons of CO2 per year per capita:
Australia: 10
United States: 8.2
United Kingdom: 3.2
China: 1.8
India: 0.5
CONCLUSIONS
As we can see, the information makes us to turn on the red lights, the first topic we need to attend is the effect on our health, sickness could become risky and the way to fix it could become impossible. The rising of a united solution begin at home, teaching to our children how to be an enviroment-friendly human, there are lots of devices we can start to put into action right now, and the most important thing is that man believes that is possible to make something for the Earth, I mean we can't lose the battle against pollution, we could make the difference only by changing a little our life style and culture we show every day.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/asthma/triggers/085.html
http://coe.mse.ac.in/kidsair.asp
http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/airairpollutants.html
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